Cite My Sources

Welcome to Citation Maker

To get started, click on the resource you want to cite from the Source Type column on the right (or from the drop-down menu if using a mobile device).

If you need help, click on the Citation Maker instructions, which are also found at the bottom of every template.

If you cannot open a template in the Source Type column or menu, please clear your computer’s cache.

OSLIS MLA Secondary Citation Home | OSLIS APA Citation Home

Book or Encyclopedia, Report, E-book, Audiobook

Use this template to cite an entire book or part of a book or encyclopedia, such as an article, chapter, essay, play, poem, or short story. Also use it to cite gray literature such as a report, brochure, pamphlet, or map. This applies to all formats: print, audio, online, or e-book.

Examples:

Book, 2 editors

Cole, Johnnetta Betsch, and Nelda LaTeef, editors. African Proverbs for All Ages. Roaring Brook Press, 2021.

Graphic novel, 1 author, 1 illustrator, e-book

Gravel, Elise. King of the Birds. Illustrated by Elise Gravel, e-book ed., HarperAlley, 2020.

Book, 1 author, viewed in a library database

Stoltman, Joan. Native American Art: From Totems to Textiles. Gareth Stevens, 2018. Gale In Context: Elementary, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XMIUFU489480795/link.gale.com/apps/doc/XMIUFU489480795/ITKE?u=&sid=bookmark-ITKE&pg=00005-p&xid=87229914.

Encyclopedia article, 1 author, viewed on the publisher’s website

Stock, Joann. "Earthquake." World Book Student, 2022, worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar171680.

(See more examples)

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group who created the source. This is usually an author, but it may be an editor or an organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Always credit any editors or translators. Only credit additional contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of designer would be listed as designed.)

Contributor's Role:

The contribution was to the .

Version (if there is one): ,

(For an e-book, add this: e-book ed. For an audiobook, add this: audiobook ed. Examples of other possible editions: 3rd ed. or rev. ed. or updated ed.)

Number (if there is one): Vol. ,

(If you are using one volume of a multi-volume set, enter the number of that volume. Otherwise, leave this field blank.)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited.)

Publication Year (if there is one): ,

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. If you are citing a thesis or dissertation, leave the Publisher blank.)

Publication Year (if there is one): .

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

Supplemental Element (Source description): .

(Reports are the most common type of gray literature so they do not need an additional description. For less common sources, add an additional description to better identify the source, especially if the description is not already part of the title. Examples of possible descriptions: Brochure or Pamphlet or Map)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: work by Shel Silverstein on www.shelsilverstein.com)

(Ex: brochure by Centers for Disease Control on www.cdc.gov)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://. For an e-book or audiobook that was downloaded directly to a device, leave this field blank.)

(Ex: work by Shel Silverstein on www.gutenberg.org)

(Ex: brochure by Centers for Disease Control on www.medlineplus.gov)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://. For an e-book or audiobook that was downloaded directly to a device, leave this field blank.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Magazine or Newspaper Article

Use this template to cite an article from a magazine, journal, or newspaper. This applies to all formats: print, audio, or online.

Examples:

Magazine article, with subtitle, consecutive page numbers, viewed on a website

Shaw, Allyson. "Sea Turtle Rescue: How Tireless Volunteers Saved Thousands of Sea Turtles from a Winter Storm." National Geographic Kids, Dec. 2021, pp. 24-25, kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/sea-turtle-rescue.

Magazine article, multiple months in date, non-consecutive page numbers, viewed in a library database

Hammer, Katherine. "The Truth about TikTok and Mental Health." Girls' Life, Feb.-Mar. 2022, pp. 66+. Gale In Context: Elementary, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A691103631/ITKE?u&sid=bookmark-ITKE&xid=f2c9bbe7.

Newspaper article, city not in newspaper title, 1 page

Ungar, Laura. “Scientists Finally Finish Decoding Entire Human Genome.” The Oregonian [Portland], 1 Apr. 2022, p. A14.

(See more examples)

Set Authors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Author:

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the article is only credited to a news agency, such as Associated Press or Reuters, leave Author blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:

I am citing a:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

City: [],

(Add the city name for local newspapers when the city is not included in the title.)
(Ex: The Oregonian [Portland])

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: national ed. or sunrise ed. or South Jersey ed.)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Jan. 2022 or Jan. 2022 or Jan.-Feb. 2022 or winter 2022)

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

(If the article’s page numbers are not consecutive, only list the first page and a plus sign. Ex: 37+)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Ranger Rick magazine on www.rangerrick.org)

(Ex: article in Time magazine on www.time.com)

(Ex: article in The New York Times newspaper on www.nyt.com)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Ranger Rick magazine on www.pressreader.com)

(Ex: Time magazine article posted with permission on an organization's website)

(Ex: The New York Times newspaper article posted with permission on an organization's website)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs and DOIs)

(Do not include https://.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Website Article or Blog

Use this template to cite website articles and blog posts. However, if the information came from another source type, use the template for that source type instead. For example, for a magazine or newspaper article that is in a database or on a website, use the template called Magazine or Newspaper Article. For an e-book or audiobook in a database or on a website, use the Book template. For a video clip that you watched online, use the Video Recording template, etc.

Examples:

Web page, individual as author, publisher is also website title

Rosen, Julia. "The Creation of Crater Lake: America's Deepest Lake Tells Many Magnificent Stories." Travel Oregon, 25 Feb. 2019, traveloregon.com/things-to-do/destinations/lakes-reservoirs/creation-crater-lake/.

Web page, no author, publisher is also website title

"Crater Lake." National Park Service, 2021, www.nps.gov/crla/.

Blog post, known publisher

Salt, Alun. "Under-Damaged Reed Beds Are Harming Small Wetland Birds." Botany One, Annals of Botany, 3 Mar. 2022, www.botany.one/2022/03/under-damaged-reed-beds-are-harming-small-wetland-birds/.

(See more examples)

Set Authors

Author: (How to credit authors)

(List the person or group who created the source.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first author.)

Company or Organization: .

(If the author is the same as the publisher, list it in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Username: [ ].

(Include both the username and author's real name, if known. Ex: Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl])

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter the publisher's full name. Do not include business words such as Company, Limited, or Incorporated. If the publisher's name is the same as the title of the website or blog, leave the Publisher field blank.)

Set website publication date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the website or blog was created, published, or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 17 Apr. 2022 or Apr. 2022 or 2022)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the time stamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you read the information on the website or blog.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Video Recording

Use this template to cite video recordings, including films, television or streaming series and episodes, and videos on sharing sites (such as YouTube) and other websites. Also use it to cite transcripts of video recordings. For a video podcast, use the podcast option on the Audio Recording template. For lectures, speeches, TED Talks, and webinars, use the Performance or Presentation template.

Examples:

Documentary film, director as contributor, 2 publishers, supplemental element, viewed on television (or in a theater or on a DVD)

Koshien: Japan's Field of Dreams. Directed by Ema Ryan Yamazaki, Cineric Creative / NHK Enterprises, 2019. English subtitles.

Television episode, 3+ writers (the focus of the research is on the writers), viewed on an app

"The Sleepover." Written by Saladin K. Patterson et al. The Wonder Years, season 1, episode 16, ABC Studios, 16 Mar. 2022. Hulu app.

Digital series episode, viewed on the video publisher's website

"Is Breakfast the Most Important Meal?" Origin of Everything, PBS LearningMedia, 2018, opb.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/is-breakfast-most-important-meal/origin-of-everything/?student=true&focus=true.

Video, uploaded by an organization, viewed on a sharing site

"Citing Sources: Why & How to Do It." YouTube, uploaded by Oregon School Library Information System, 2 Aug. 2018, youtu.be/-JV9cLDCgas.

(See more examples)

What are you citing?

Set Authors

Author (Director):(How to credit authors and contributors)

Is your focus on the contribution of the director or on the film as a whole?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: , director.

(Since the director is not the focus, move on to the Title field.)

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Film, Movie, or Documentary: (Title of Film, Movie, or Documentary): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Always credit the director of a film. Credit the director here if you have not already done so in the Author field. Only credit additional contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of choreographer would be listed as choreographed.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: director's cut; Ex: uncut version)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the film. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube or Vimeo. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Twentieth Century Fox)

Publication Year: Year: .

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Transcript)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: movie by Disney on www.disneyplus.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: movie by Disney on www.netflix.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Set contributors Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this entire field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Netflix or Hulu)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Television or Streaming Series: (Title of Television or Streaming Series): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of choreographer would be listed as choreographed.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: director’s cut; Ex: uncut version)

Number ,

(Use this to identify the season or series number, when that is known and relevant. Enter the descriptor and the number. Ex: season 3)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the television or streaming series. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube or Vimeo. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: CBS Television Studios or HBO)

Publication Year: Year: .

(Enter the year that the series was released. If the series spans multiple years, separate the years with a hyphen. Ex: 2012-15 or 1998-2002 If the series is still airing, enter a space after the hyphen. Ex: 2019- )

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Transcript)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: NBC television series on www.nbc.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: NBC television series on www.netflix.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Set contributors Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this entire field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Netflix or Hulu)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Episode: (Title of Episode): "."

(If the episode title is not known, leave this field blank.)

Title of Television or Streaming Series: (Title of Television or Streaming Series): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of choreographer would be listed as choreographed.)

Contributor's Role:

Was the contribution to the episode or series?

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: director’s cut; Ex: uncut version)

Number ,

(Use this to identify the season or series and episode numbers, when those are known and relevant. Separate the descriptors with a comma. Ex: season 7, episode 12)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the television or streaming episode. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube or Vimeo. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: CBS Television Studios or HBO)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Mar. 2022 or Mar. 2022 or 2022)

Location: .

(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a DVD set when that is known and relevant. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Transcript)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: episode of NBC television series on www.nbc.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: episode of NBC television series on www.netflix.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Set contributors Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this entire field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Netflix or Hulu)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Online Video: (Title of Online Video): "."

Title of Website or App: (Title of Website or App): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Always credit the video uploader, if known. Only credit other contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank.)

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Contributor's Role:

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://. If you accessed the video through an app, the URL is often found after clicking on Share.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Audio Recording

Use this template to cite audio recordings, including songs, albums, podcasts, and radio programs. Also use it to cite lyrics, transcripts, and accompanying materials such as liner notes. For audiobooks, use the Book template. For lectures, speeches, TED Talks, and webinars, use the Performance or Presentation template.

Examples:

Album, composer as author (classical music), performer listed as contributor, listened to on a CD

Bach, Johann Sebastian. The Brandenburg Concertos. Performance by Oregon Symphony, Decca, 2010.

Song on an album, performer listed as author, listened to on an app

Raffi. "Walkin' My Dog." Dog on the Floor, Rounder Music, 2018. Spotify app.

Audio podcast episode, hosts (contributors) are not the same for every episode, no series number, 2 publishers, listened to on a website

"Video Games: A Tale of Two Pongs." Hosted by Joy Dolo and Kai. Forever Ago, episode 1, Brains On! / American Public Media, Nov. 2018. Spotify, open.spotify.com/episode/3Xj9W608pONIscpD2urVyK.

Audio podcast episode, host (contributor) is the same for every episode, no series or episode number, listened to on a website

"Why Is the Heart a Symbol of Love?" But Why: A Podcast for Curious Kids, hosted by Jane Lindholm, Vermont Public Radio, 11 Feb. 2022. Apple Podcasts, podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1103320303.

(See more examples)

What are you citing?

Set Authors

Creator: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group who created the recording. This is usually a performer or composer.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Album or Collection: (Title of Album or Collection): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of engineer would be listed as engineered.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: expanded ed.; Ex: uncut version)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)

Publication Year: Year: .

Location: .

(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a CD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Lyrics)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: album by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: album by Beyoncé on www.spotify.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Spotify or Stitcher)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Authors

Creator: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group who created the recording. This is usually a performer or composer.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Song or Track: (Title of Song or Track): "."

Title of Album or Collection: (Title of Album or Collection): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of engineer would be listed as engineered.)

Contributor's Role:

Was the contribution to the song / track or to the album / collection?

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: expanded ed.; Ex: uncut version)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Mar. 2022 or Mar. 2022 or 2022)

Location: .

(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a CD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Lyrics)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.spotify.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Spotify or Stitcher)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Podcast or Radio Program: (Title of Podcast or Radio Program): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of engineer would be listed as engineered.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(If you are citing a podcast and want to identify your source as such, enter this in the text box, including the period: podcast ed.)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)

Publication Year: Year: .

(Enter the year/s that the podcast was produced. If the podcast spans multiple years, separate the years with a hyphen. Ex: 2019-21 or 1998-2002 If the podcast is still being produced, enter a space after the hyphen. Ex: 2019- )

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Lyrics)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: This American Life podcast on www.thisamericanlife.org)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: This American Life podcast on www.stitcher.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Spotify or Stitcher)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Episode: (Title of Episode): "."

Title of Podcast or Radio Program: (Title of Podcast or Radio Program): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of engineer would be listed as engineered.)

Contributor's Role:

Was the contribution to the episode or podcast / radio program?

Version (if there is one): ,

(If you are citing a podcast and want to identify your source as such, enter this in the text box, including the period: podcast ed.)

Number ,

(Use this to identify the season and episode numbers, when those are known and relevant. Separate the descriptors with a comma. Ex: season 7, episode 12)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites such as YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Enter the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Mar. 2022 or Mar. 2022 or 2022)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Lyrics)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: This American Life podcast episode on www.thisamericanlife.org)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: This American Life podcast episode on www.stitcher.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Spotify or Stitcher)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Image, Artwork, Object

Use this template to cite artwork (drawings, paintings, photographs, sculptures, etc.) and artifacts or objects (arrowheads, fossils, jewelry, models, etc.) that you experienced in person or viewed in print or online.

For other visual works (charts, clip art, infographics, maps, etc.), use the appropriate template. For example, for an infographic that you viewed in a magazine, use the Magazine or Newspaper Article template. For a map that you viewed on a website, use the Website Article or Blog template. For a physical map or chart, use the Report, Pamphlet, or Gray Literature option on the Book template.

Examples:

Painting (artwork), titled, viewed in a museum

Monet, Claude. Garden at Sainte-Adresse. 1867, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

Painting (artwork), titled, viewed in a book

Monet, Claude. Garden at Sainte-Adresse. 1867. Monet, by Christoph Heinrich, Taschen, 2015, p. 21.

Painting (artwork), untitled (you provide a description), viewed on a website

Lewis, Norman. Oil on canvas abstract impressionism painting. 1949. MOMA, www.moma.org/collection/works/79929.

Object, unknown creator, untitled (you provide a description), approximate date provided, viewed in a museum

Covered wagon. Circa 1860, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

(See more examples)

Set Author

Artist or Creator (if known): (How to credit authors and contributors)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Does this image, artwork, or object have a title?

Title of Image, Artwork, or Object: (Title of Image, Artwork, or Object): ",

(Provide a brief generic description of the image, artwork, or object. Capitalize the first word and any proper nouns. Ex: Chair of stained oak)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Is the year of creation known?

Year or Time Period Created: [ ].
(Dates can take many forms. Record the date as found on the source. Ex: 2017 or 200? or 1897-1900 or Circa 1860 or Early fifteenth century)

(Go to the next field.)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Capitalize the first word. Ex: Marble sculpture)

Set Location

Location:

Where did you see this?

(Enter the database name, such as ImageQuest, when known. Otherwise, enter the database platform or vendor, such as Britannica.)

Institution (Museum, Archive, Building, etc.): ,

City: , (Only identify the city if it is not part of the institution’s name.)

Object Number or Code (if there is one): .

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Book): ,

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group who created the source. This is usually an author, but it may be an editor or an organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Edition

Version (if there is one): ,

(For an e-book, add this: e-book ed. Other edition examples to add might include 3rd ed., rev. ed., or updated ed.)

Number (if there is one): Vol. ,

(If you are using one volume of a multi-volume set, enter the number of that volume. Otherwise, leave this field blank.)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited.)

Publication Date (if there is one): .

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.dalechihuly.com)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://. For an e-book that was downloaded directly to a device, leave this blank.)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.gutenberg.org)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://. For an e-book that was downloaded directly to a device, leave this blank.)

Container 2

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:

I am citing a:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group who created the source. This is usually an author, but it may be an organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set location

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

City: [],

(Add city name for local newspapers when city is not included in title)
(Ex: The Oregonian [Portland])

Set Version

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: national ed. or sunrise ed. or South Jersey ed.)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Jan. 2022 or Jan. 2022 or Jan.-Feb. 2022 or winter 2022)

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

(If the article’s page numbers are not consecutive, only list the first page and a plus sign. Ex: 37+)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Ranger Rick magazine on www.rangerrick.org)

(Ex: article in Time magazine on www.time.com)

(Ex: article in The New York Times newspaper on www.nyt.com)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Ranger Rick magazine on www.pressreader.com)

(Ex: Time magazine article posted with permission on an organization's website)

(Ex: The New York Times newspaper article posted with permission on an organization's website)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

Set Website

Is the image or artwork on the artist's or creator's own website?

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.dalechihuly.com)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.museumofglassartwork.org)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set Article title

Title of Source (Title of Article or Page): "."

Set entire title

Title of Source (Title of Website): ",

Set Authors

Author: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(List who is primarily responsible for writing the article or the content of the Web page. This is usually a person but may be a group or organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first author.)

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Username: [ ],

(Include both the username and author's real name, if known. Ex: Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl])

(Go to the next field.)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the blog posting was posted or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex. 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you read the information on the blog.)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set Website

Title of Source (Title of Website): ",

Set Publisher

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. If the Website title is essentially the same as the publisher's name, leave Publisher blank.)If the blog title is essentially the same as the publisher's name, leave Publisher blank.)

Set Website Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the Website was created, published, or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set another title

Title of Source (Title of Database): ",

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Personal Interview

Only use this template to cite an interview that you conducted or experienced firsthand, including in person or by e-mail, telephone, or video chat. If you read or otherwise saw an interview, cite it using the template for the source that included the interview: Book, Magazine or Newspaper Article, Website Article or Blog, Video Recording, or Audio Recording.

Examples:

In-person interview, with the principal of a school, conducted by 2 students

Brown, Jennifer. Interview. Conducted by Maria Lopez and Ivan Petrov, 15 Sept. 2021.

Video conference interview, with the author of a book, conducted by a group of students

Kinney, Jeff. Video conference interview. Conducted by Mrs. Hernandez’s 6th grade class, 3 Oct. 2021.

Telephone interview, with the conductor of a local symphony, conducted by you as the author of the research paper

Kalmar, Carlos. Telephone interview with the author. 24 Jan. 2022.

E-mail interview, with a grandparent, conducted by you as the author of the research paper

Wong, Kim. E-mail interview with the author. 7 Mar. 2022.

(See more examples)

Set Authors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Person Interviewed:

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title: E-mail interview.

Title: Telephone interview.

Title: Video conference interview.

Title: Interview.

Set other contributors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Interviewer:

Did you conduct the interview yourself?

with the author.

How many interviewers?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Date of Interview:: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Performance or Presentation

Use this template to cite performances (concerts, dance recitals, plays, etc.) and presentations (lectures, speeches, TED Talks, webinars, etc.) that you experienced in person or watched as a recording.

Examples:

Concert (performance), with event series title, attended in person

Oregon Symphony. Under the Sea. Kids Series, 10 Apr. 2022, Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Portland.

Dance (performance), date of performance not known, uploader as contributor, viewed on a sharing site

New York City Ballet. The Nutcracker. YouTube, uploaded by The Dances, 29 Nov. 2021, youtu.be/kXRMT_2F-WE.

Talk (presentation), 2 speakers, attended in person on a field trip, city not included in site's name

Baker, Greg, and Ricky Allen. "Beginning Field Birding and Sauvie Island Exploration." Portland Audubon, 2 Apr. 2022, Sauvie Island Wildlife Area, Portland.

Lecture (TED Talk presentation), viewed on TED website

Ruffo, Susan. "The Ocean's Ingenious Climate Solutions." TED, Oct. 2021, www.ted.com/talks/susan_ruffo_the_ocean_s_ingenious_climate_solutions.

(See more examples)

What are you citing?

Set Authors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Performer or Creator:

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Does the performance have a title?

Title of Source (Title of Performance): .

(Provide a brief generic description of the performance. Capitalize the first word. Ex: Concert; Ex: Dance recital)

Title of Container (Title of Book): ",

(Ex: Portland Rose Festival)

Set other contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only credit contributors if your research focuses on their contribution.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of interpreter would be listed as interpreted.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: Matinee performance)

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the performance. Enter the publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Omit the publisher’s name if it is included in either title field above. Ex: Triangle Productions)

Date of Performance: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Set Location

Location:

Where did you see this?

Building or Site of Performance: ,
(Ex: Northwest Children's Theater; Ex: Waterfront Park)

City: .
(Only identify the city if it is not part of the building or site's name.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Beyoncé concert on www.beyonce.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Beyoncé concert on www.codacollection.co)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Set contributors Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this entire field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Netflix or Hulu)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Authors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Speaker:

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Does the presentation have a title?

Title of Source (Title of Presentation): "."

(Provide a brief generic description of the presentation. Capitalize the first word. Ex: Lecture; Ex: Speech)

Title of Container (Title of Book): ",

(Ex: National Model Railroad Association Convention; Ex: Biology 101; Ex: National Book Festival)

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the presentation. Enter the publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Omit the publisher’s name if it is included in either title field above. Ex: American Cancer Society; Ex: University of Oregon)

Date of Presentation: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Set Location

Location:

Where did you see this?

Building or Site of Presentation: ,
(Ex: Oregon Convention Center; Ex: Kennedy High School; Ex: National Mall Park)

City: .
(Only identify the city if it is not part of the building or site's name.)

(Ex: Gale In Context: Elementary or National Geographic Kids)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: talk by park ranger on Crater Lake National Park website)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: talk by park ranger on YouTube website)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Website): ,

Set contributors Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this entire field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

(Only use this field if you viewed the video on a sharing site such as YouTube or Vimeo.)

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you viewed the video on the website.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://.)

(Ex: Google Classroom or Netflix)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of App): app.

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

E-mail or Text Message

Use this template to cite e-mails or text messages that you received or were given access to.

Examples:

E-mail, to an individual

Smith, Sandy. E-mail to Emily Chang. 17 Sept. 2021.

E-mail, to a group or organization

Johnson, John. E-mail to Mountainside Elementary School Leadership Council. 7 Mar. 2022.

Text message, to 3 individuals

Habib, Amir. Text message to Juan Hernandez et al. 23 Jan. 2022.

Text message, to you as the author of the research paper

Juarez, Julia. Text message to the author. 28 Feb. 2022.

Set Authors

Message Sender: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title: E-mail.

Title: Text message.

Set Contributors (How to credit authors and contributors)

Received by:

Did you receive the e-mail yourself?

to the author.

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Did you receive the text message yourself?

to the author.

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Date of Message: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Social Media

Use this template to cite content from social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, TikTok, Twitter, and so forth.

However, if a social media post directed you to another source, cite that source instead. For example, for a documentary that you found on Facebook, cite the documentary using the Video Recording template. Or, for a newspaper article that you found on Twitter, cite the article using the Magazine or Newspaper Article template.

Examples:

Post from Facebook, group name and username, title is post text shortened with an ellipsis

Oregon Zoo [@oregonzoo]. "The first fluffy California condor chick of 2022 hatched last week . . . ." Facebook, 22 Mar. 2022, fb.watch/ccfqFrQ7Xb/.

Tweet from Twitter, real name and username, title is entire tweet

Pope Francis [@Pontifex]. "Let us carry Mother Teresa's smile in our hearts and give it to those whom we meet along our journey." Twitter, 4 Sept. 2016, twitter.com/Pontifex/status/772396413258903552.

Tweet from Twitter, real name and username, title is description of image

Kinney, Jeff [@wimpykid]. Video clip of the trailer for a movie based on the Wimpy Kid books. Twitter, 3 Dec. 2021, twitter.com/wimpykid/status/1466824771736412162.

Profile page from TikTok, pseudonym and username

Teacher Tom [@birdoftheweek]. "Videos." TikTok, 2022, www.tiktok.com/@birdoftheweek?lang=en.

(See more examples)

What are you citing?

Set Authors

Person or Group Who Posted: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Include both the username and author’s real name, if known. Ex: Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl])

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Username: [ ].

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing:

Title of Source (Title of Text of the Post): "."

(Enter the title, and capitalize all major words. If there is no title, enter the text exactly as it appears in the post, including capitalization and spelling. For longer posts, you may include enough of the text to be clear, and then include an ellipsis at the end to indicate that some words were omitted. An ellipsis is three periods with a space before each and a space after the last.)

(Images and videos are sometimes posted without a title or accompanying text, so you must provide a description. Capitalize the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns. Ex: Photo of spring flowers in Oregon)

Title of Container (Title of Social Media Site): ",

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine the date that the post was made?

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you read the information on the social media site.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://. If there is no URL for the post, use the URL for the creator's account instead. If you cannot determine a URL, leave this field blank.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Set Authors

Person or Group Who Posted: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Include both the username and author’s real name, if known. Ex: Fogarty, Mignon [@GrammarGirl])

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Username: [ ].

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing:

Title of Source (Title of Text of the Post): "."

(Enter the profile, page, or tab title. Capitalize the first letter of all major words. Ex: Archive)

(Describe the untitled profile, page, or tab. Capitalize the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns. For example, since Snapchat does not name the various pages within an account, provide a title. Ex: Profile)

Title of Container (Title of Social Media Site): ",

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine the date that the profile or page was made?

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2021 or Apr. 2021 or 2021)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

(This is the date that you read the information on the social media site.)

Location (Web Address / URL): . (How to format URLs)

(Do not include https://. If there is no URL for the profile or page, use the URL for the creator’s account instead. If you cannot determine a URL, leave this field blank.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Other -- Sources Not Covered in Other Templates

Use this template to cite sources that are not already covered in MLA Citation Maker.

The MLA 9 citation guidelines are somewhat flexible. The goal is for you to think about each source and to apply a few rules to produce a citation that is appropriate for your project. Two people could use the same source but have different citations, and both could be correct. It depends on several factors, including what part of the source is most important to your project and what format you used (in print or online, for example).

Use the basic template below to create a citation for your source. Not all of the boxes will need to be filled in.

If you need help with this template, ask your teacher or librarian. Also check the MLA Style Center's "Works Cited: A Quick Guide," and "Ask the MLA."

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and contributors)

(List the person or group primarily responsible for creating the source.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author field.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Contributor's Role:

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Version (if there is one): ,

Number (if there is one): ,

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the source or making it available to the public. Enter publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Omit publisher's name if it is included in the Author or Title field above.)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

Location: . (How to format URLs)

(If you enter page numbers, precede a single page number with p. and multiple with pp. If you enter a URL, do not include https://.)

Supplemental Element: .

(Use this optional field to add additional pertinent information about the source, if needed. Ex: Transcript; Ex: PDF)

Is your source found within another source, such as a magazine inside of a database or a video on a streaming service?

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Source 2): ,

(Typically, this will be the title of a database or website. If that is the case, only fill in these two fields: Title of Source 2 and Location. Otherwise, fill in all of the fields that apply to your source.)

Set other contributors

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author field.)

Are there any contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Contributor's Role:

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Version (if there is one): ,

Number (if there is one): ,

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the source or making it available to the public. Enter publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations such as Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Omit publisher's name if it is included in the Author or Title field above.)

Set other publication date

Publication Date:

(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)

Date: Day: Month: Month Range: Year: .

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

Location: . (How to format URLs)

(If you enter page numbers, precede a single page number with p. and multiple with pp. If you enter a URL, do not include https://.)

(Your citation is complete. Check your spelling and capitalization, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

Create Citation Below Clear
Form

Source Type

Citation Resources

Selected Citation Type

Examples:

Book, 2 editors

Graphic novel, 1 author, 1 illustrator, e-book

Book, 1 author, viewed in a library database

Encyclopedia article, 1 author, viewed on the publisher’s website

Author:(How to credit authors and contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Examples:

Magazine article, with subtitle, consecutive page numbers, viewed on a website

Magazine article, multiple months in date, non-consecutive page numbers, viewed in a library database

Newspaper article, city not in newspaper title, 1 page

Author:

Title:

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Examples:

Web page, individual as author, publisher is also website title

Web page, no author, publisher is also website title

Blog post, known publisher

Author: (How to credit authors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Publication Date:

Examples:

Documentary film, director as contributor, 2 publishers, supplemental element, viewed on television (or in a theater or on a DVD)

Television episode, 3+ writers (the focus of the research is on the writers), viewed on an app

Digital series episode, viewed on the video publisher's website

Video, uploaded by an organization, viewed on a sharing site

Author (Director):(How to credit authors and contributors)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Publication Date:

Examples:

Album, composer as author (classical music), performer listed as contributor, listened to on a CD

Song on an album, performer listed as author, listened to on an app

Audio podcast episode, hosts (contributors) are not the same for every episode, no series number, 2 publishers, listened to on a website

Audio podcast episode, host (contributor) is the same for every episode, no series or episode number, listened to on a website

Creator: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Creator: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Contributors: (How to credit authors and contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Examples: